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Reprioritizing the ABCs of Trauma Care for Polytrauma Patients

By Anton Helman, MD, CCFP(EM), FCFP | on June 11, 2019 | 1 Comment
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Reprioritizing the ABCs of Trauma Care for Polytrauma Patients

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ACEP Now: Vol 38 – No 05 – May 2019

Special thanks to Andrew Petrosoniak, MD, Chris Hicks, MD, and Kylie Bosman, MD, for their expert contributions to the EM Cases podcast that inspired this article.

References

  1. Petrosoniak A, Hicks C. Resuscitation resequenced: a rational approach to patients with trauma in shock. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2018;36(1):41-60.
  2. Kim WY, Kwak MK, Ko BS, et al. Factors associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrest after emergency tracheal intubation in the emergency department. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112779.
  3. Blow O, Magliore L, Claridge JA, et al. The golden hour and the silver day: detection and correction of occult hypoperfusion within 24 hours improves outcome from major trauma. J Trauma. 1999;47(5):964-969.
  4. King RW, Plewa MC, Buderer NM, et al. Shock index as a marker for significant injury in trauma patients. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3(11):1041-1045.
  5. Joseph B, Haider A, Ibraheem K, et al. Revitalizing vital signs: the role of delta shock index. Shock. 2016;46(3 Suppl 1):50-54.
  6. Codner P, Obaid A, Porral D, et al. Is field hypotension a reliable indicator of significant injury in trauma patients who are normotensive on arrival to the emergency department? Am Surg. 2005;71(9):768-771.
  7. Seamon MJ, Feather C, Smith BP, et al. Just one drop: the significance of a single hypotensive blood pressure reading during trauma resuscitations. J Trauma. 2010;68(6):1289-1294.
  8. Lipsky AM, Gausche-Hill M, Henneman PL, et al. Prehospital hypotension is a predictor of the need for an emergent, therapeutic operation in trauma patients with normal systolic blood pressure in the emergency department. J Trauma. 2006;61(5):1228-1233.
  9. Oyetunji TA, Chang DC, Crompton JG, et al. Redefining hypotension in the elderly: normotension is not reassuring. Arch Surg. 2011;146(7):865-869.
  10. Schreiber MA, Meier EN, Tisherman SA, et al. A controlled resuscitation strategy is feasible and safe in hypotensive trauma patients: results of a prospective randomized pilot trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(4):687-695.
  11. Danks RR. Triangle of death. How hypothermia acidosis & coagulopathy can adversely impact trauma patients. JEMS. 2002;27(5):61-6, 68-70.
  12. Englehart MS, Schreiber MA. Measurement of acid-base resuscitation endpoints: lactate, base deficit, bicarbonate or what? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(6):569-574.
  13. Vandromme MJ, Griffin RL, Kerby JD, et al. Identifying risk for massive transfusion in the relatively normotensive patient: utility of the prehospital shock index. J Trauma. 2011;70(2):384-388.
  14. Nunez TC, Voskresensky IV, Dossett LA, et al. Early prediction of massive transfusion in trauma: simple as ABC (assessment of blood consumption)? J Trauma. 2009;66(2):346-352.
  15. Schroll R, Swift D, Tatum D, et al. Accuracy of shock index versus ABC score to predict need for massive transfusion in trauma patients. Injury. 2018;49(1):15-19.
  16. Schellenberg M, Strumwasser A, Grabo D, et al. Delta shock index in the emergency department predicts mortality and need for blood transfusion in trauma patients. Am Surg. 2017;83(10):1059-1062.
  17. Rahbar E, Fox EE, Del junco DJ, et al. Early resuscitation intensity as a surrogate for bleeding severity and early mortality in the PROMMTT study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75(1 Suppl 1):S16-23.
  18. Meyer DE, Cotton BA, Fox EE, et al. A comparison of resuscitation intensity and critical administration threshold in predicting early mortality among bleeding patients: a multicenter validation in 680 major transfusion patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;85(4):691-696.

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Topics: ABCsCABCsLife Supportpolytrauma

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About the Author

Anton Helman, MD, CCFP(EM), FCFP

Dr. Helman is an emergency physician at North York General Hospital in Toronto. He is an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, Division of Emergency Medicine, and the education innovation lead at the Schwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute. He is the founder and host of Emergency Medicine Cases podcast and website (www.emergencymedicinecases.com).

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One Response to “Reprioritizing the ABCs of Trauma Care for Polytrauma Patients”

  1. May 4, 2020

    Susan Melroy Reply

    Well written. I understood the components to occult shock and warning signs of b/p drops in the field. Thank you.
    Signed,
    An RN who’s been out of practice for 15 years.

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