References

S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division.Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 USC § 2000d et seq. Accessed September 23, 2025.
S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights. Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities; Title VI and Section 1557 Language Access Requirements” (Final Rule). 45 CFR Part 92. Federal Register. Published May 6, 2024. 89 FR 37522.
New York State Department of Health. Patients’ Rights, 10 NYCRR § 405.7. Accessed September 23, 2025. https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/new-york/10-NYCRR-405.7
Taira BR, Orue A. Language assistance for limited English proficiency patients in a public ED: determining the unmet need. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;19(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3823-1
Ginde AA, Sullivan AF, Corel B, et al. Reevaluation of the effect of mandatory interpreter legislation on use of professional interpreters for ED patients with language barriers. Patient Educ. Couns. 2010;81(2):204-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.023

Overcoming Language Barriers in the Emergency Department