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References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency Preparedness and Response. Botulism: Information and Guidance for Clinicians Online. Available at: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agen/botulism/clinicians. Accessed August 31, 2009.
2. Greenberg D, Aminoff M, Simon R, eds. Clinical Neurology. 5th ed. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
3. Lawrence DT, Dobmeier SG, Bechtel LK, Holstege CP. Food poisoning. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007;25(2):357-373; abstract ix.
4. Schreiner MS, Field E, Ruddy R. Infant botulism: a review of 12 years’ experience at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Pediatrics. 1991;87(2):159-165.
5. Long SS. Infant botulism. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20(7):707-709.
6. Botulism associated with commercially canned chili sauce—Texas and Indiana, July 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56(30):767-769.
7. Passaro DJ, Werner SB, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users. JAMA. 1998;279:859-863.
8. Ruthman JC, Hendricksen DK, Bonefeld R. Emergency department presentation of type A botulism. Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:203-205.
9. Arnon SS, Schechter R, Maslanka SE, et al. . N Engl J Med. 2006;354:462-471.

Contributors and Disclosures

Contributors: Dr. David Della-Giustina and Dr. Tristan Knutson wrote “Botulism.” Dr. Della-Giustina is Emergency Medicine Residency Program Director and Chief of the Section of Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. Dr. Knutson is a major in the US Army Medical Corps and Assistant Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, at Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash. Robert C. Solomon, MD, is Medical Editor of ACEP News and editor of the “Focus On … Critical Decisions” series, core faculty in the emergency medicine residency at Allegheny General hospital, Pittsburgh, and assistant professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Mary Anne Mitchell is an ACEP staff member who reviews and manages the ACEP “Focus On… Critical Decisions” series.

Disclosures: In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Standards and American College of Emergency Physicians policy, all individuals in control of content must disclose to the program audience the existence of significant financial interests in or relationships with manufacturers of commercial products that might have a direct interest in the subject matter.