During their stay in the PES/CSU, patients work directly with psychiatric care coordinators to facilitate outpatient support services to promote wellness and develop a crisis plan. When possible, families are included in the treatment planning process. Peer support roles within the milieu are also recommended as an additional resource to promote patient healing. Telepsychiatry expertise is also used in some models, allowing for psychiatric evaluations, medication management and treatment planning to be provided to remote locations and/or supplement provider access for models with high patient volume.

The operational and financial structure of PES/CSU models will vary to meet the needs of the population served. Developing the appropriate model type and size requires all key stakeholders to be involved, including initial involvement with counties, states, and private insurers to determine funding options—cost avoidance, reduction of unnecessary inpatient admissions, and providing patient care in the least-restrictive setting are areas of interest. Most Medicaid models include a code allowing for bundled payment reimbursement for emergency psychiatric services.

A Smart Solution

The results associated with patient care delivered in a PES/CSU setting shows that 68 to 70 percent of patients are discharged back to their community within 15 to 18 hours. This shift in provision of care at the least-restrictive level (ie, right care/right place/right time) allows for increased inpatient bed capacity for patients requiring inpatient treatment. Additionally, treatment for patients requiring inpatient care is initiated the PES/CSU setting, and inpatient admission criteria has been established, helping to reduce the frequency of payer denials. Treatment initiation in the PES/CSU setting can contribute to a reduced length of stay in the inpatient setting, resulting in efficient care and cost savings.

The national volume of patients requiring emergent psychiatric expertise continues to increase. In an effort to effectively meet the emergent clinical needs of these patients, boarding in medical emergency departments must be reduced. CEP America continues to expand efforts to create PES/CSU models within communities to enhance the availability of psychiatric emergency services. The ultimate goals are to provide excellent patient care delivery in a setting conducive to healing, and promoting care coordination in the least-restrictive environment, resulting in improved patient outcomes.

Dr. Tom is chief medical officer at CEP America. He completed his residency in Emergency Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and was a Kaiser Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

References

1. Zeller, S., Calma, ,N., Stone, A.  Effects of a dedicated regional psychiatric emergency service on boarding of psychiatric patients in area emergency departments.  West J Emerg Med. 2014 Feb; 15(1): 1–6.