Dr. Chao is a clinical instructor of emergency medicine and health care ethics fellow at Michigan Medicine in Ann Arbor, Mich.

Dr. Hall is an assistant professor of emergency medicine and cardiothoracic critical care, New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York, N.Y.

Dr. Malek is a professor of medical ethics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.

Dr. Padela is a professor of emergency medicine of bioethics and the medical humanities and vice chair of research and scholarship in emergency medicine at Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisc.

Dr. Simon is a professor of emergency medicine at Columbia University in New York, N.Y.

References

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2. Wrisinger WC, Thompson SL. Basics of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Surg Clin North Am. 2022;102(1):23-35.
3. Ouyang H. The race to reinvent CPR. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/magazine/ecpr-cardiac-arrest-cpr.html. Published on March 27, 2024. Accessed January 10, 2025.
4. Dalton C. How ECMO is redefining death. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/how-ecmo-is-redefining-death. Published April 30, 2024. Accessed January 10, 2025.
5. Derse AR. The ECMO bridge and 5 paths. AJOB. 2023;23(6):1-4. doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2202611
6. Childress A, Bibler T, Moore B, et al. From bridge to destination? Ethical considerations related to withdrawal of ECMO support over the objections of capacitated patients. AJOB. 2023;23(6):5-17.
7. National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Uniform Determination of Death Act; 1980.
8. Lewis A. New reasons to revise the UDDA: controversies related to death by circulatory-respiratory criteria. AJOB. 2024;24(6):44-46.