Logo

Log In Sign Up |  An official publication of: American College of Emergency Physicians
Navigation
  • Home
  • Multimedia
    • Podcasts
    • Videos
  • Clinical
    • Airway Managment
    • Case Reports
    • Critical Care
    • Guidelines
    • Imaging & Ultrasound
    • Pain & Palliative Care
    • Pediatrics
    • Resuscitation
    • Trauma & Injury
  • Resource Centers
    • mTBI Resource Center
  • Career
    • Practice Management
      • Benchmarking
      • Reimbursement & Coding
      • Care Team
      • Legal
      • Operations
      • Quality & Safety
    • Awards
    • Certification
    • Compensation
    • Early Career
    • Education
    • Leadership
    • Profiles
    • Retirement
    • Work-Life Balance
  • Columns
    • ACEP4U
    • Airway
    • Benchmarking
    • Brief19
    • By the Numbers
    • Coding Wizard
    • EM Cases
    • End of the Rainbow
    • Equity Equation
    • FACEPs in the Crowd
    • Forensic Facts
    • From the College
    • Images in EM
    • Kids Korner
    • Medicolegal Mind
    • Opinion
      • Break Room
      • New Spin
      • Pro-Con
    • Pearls From EM Literature
    • Policy Rx
    • Practice Changers
    • Problem Solvers
    • Residency Spotlight
    • Resident Voice
    • Skeptics’ Guide to Emergency Medicine
    • Sound Advice
    • Special OPs
    • Toxicology Q&A
    • WorldTravelERs
  • Resources
    • ACEP.org
    • ACEP Knowledge Quiz
    • Issue Archives
    • CME Now
    • Annual Scientific Assembly
      • ACEP14
      • ACEP15
      • ACEP16
      • ACEP17
      • ACEP18
      • ACEP19
    • Annals of Emergency Medicine
    • JACEP Open
    • Emergency Medicine Foundation
  • About
    • Our Mission
    • Medical Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Advisory Board
    • Awards
    • Authors
    • Article Submission
    • Contact Us
    • Advertise
    • Subscribe
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright Information

Opinion: Prehospital Naloxone Administration Is Safe

By Elizabeth A. Samuels, MD, MPH, Stephen Aks, DO, FACMT, FACEP, Edward Bernstein, MD, FACEP, Esther Choo, MD, MPH, Kristin Dwyer, MD, Traci Green, PhD, MSc, Jason B. Hack, MD, FACEP, David Juurlink, BPhm, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Michael J. Mello, MD, MPH, FACEP, Megan Ranney, MD, MPH, FACEP, Alexander Walley, MD, MSc, and Lauren Whiteside, MD, MS | on April 14, 2015 | 2 Comments
New Spin
  • Tweet
  • Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
Print-Friendly Version
Opinion: Prehospital Naloxone Administration Is Safe

The ED is on the frontline of the overdose epidemic and offers tremendous opportunities for overdose rescue, opioid overdose prevention, and increased access and referral to addiction treatment. Cost, training, sustainability, access, and approach to potential ethical issues are basic challenges for all new and important public health measures, whether it is vaccination, use of child safety seats, or public-access defibrillation programs. Implementation obstacles do not determine the worth of programs with established benefits but demand thoughtful collaboration to find workable solutions.

You Might Also Like
  • Naloxone Distribution to Patients in Emergency Department Raises Controversy
  • 5 Important Considerations for EMS Naloxone Administration
  • Overdose Antidote Naloxone Hydrochloride Available in California Pharmacies
Explore This Issue
ACEP Now: Vol 34 – No 04 – April 2015

We look forward to continuing to tackle issues of accessibility, cost, and liability to offer our patients the opportunities that come with survival.


Dr. Samuels is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. Aks is in the department of emergency medicine at Cook County Health & Hospitals System and the Toxikon Consortium in Chicago. Dr. Bernstein is in the department of emergency medicine at Boston University School of Medicine’s Boston Medical Center and works at the Boston Medical Center Injury Prevention Center. Dr. Choo is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Dr. Dwyer is in the department of emergency medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. Dr. Green is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University and works at the Boston Medical Center Injury Prevention Center. Dr. Hack is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Dr. Juurlink is in the division of clinical pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Toronto. Dr. Mello is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Dr. Ranney is in the department of emergency medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Dr. Alexander Walley is in the clinical addiction research and education unit at Boston Medical Center. Dr. Whiteside is in the division of emergency medicine at the University of Washington in Seattle.

References

  1. Kivela P. True cost of stopping overdoses. ACEPNow. 2015;34(1):9-10.
  2. Bedard L, Bukata R, Hoffman J, et al. Naloxone prescriptions by emergency physicians. ACEP Resolution 39(14), 2014.
  3. Belz D, Lieb J, Rea T, et al. Naloxone use in a tiered-response emergency medical services system. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2006;10:468-471.
  4. Buajordet I, Næss A, Jacobsen D, et al. Adverse events after naloxone treatment of episodes of suspected acute opioid overdose. Eur J Emerg Med. 2004;11:19-23.
  5. Wermeling DP. Review of naloxone safety for opioid overdose: practical considerations for new technology and expanded public access. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2015;6(1);20-31.
  6. Gammon DL, Su S, Huckfeldt R, et al. Alteration in prehospital drug concentration after thermal exposure. Am J Emerg Med. 2008:26(5):566-73.
  7. World Health Organization. Accelerated stability studies of widely used pharmaceutical substances under simulated tropical conditions. Available at: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/es/d/Jh1808e. Accessed Feb. 11, 2015.
  8. Mylan Specialty L.P. EpiPen storage and safety. Available at: https://www.epipen.com/en/hcp/about-epipen/storage-and-safety. Accessed Feb. 17, 2015.
  9. Wampler DA, Molina DK, McManus J, et al. No deaths associated with patient refusal of transport after naloxone-reversed opioid overdose. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2011;15:320-324.
  10. Sporer KA, Firestone J, Isaacs M. Out-of-hospital treatment of opioid overdoses in an urban setting. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3:660-667.
  11. Vilke GM, Sloane C, Smith AM, et al. Assessment for deaths in out-of-hospital heroin overdose patients treated with naloxone who refuse transport. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:893-896.
  12. CDC. Community-based opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone—United States, 2010. MMWR. 2012;61(06);101-105.
  13. Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174.
  14. Piper TM, Stancliff S, Rudenstine S, et al. Evaluation of a naloxone distribution and administration program in New York City. Subst Use Misuse. 2008;43:858-870.
  15. Maxwell S, Bigg D, Stanczykiewicz K, et al. Prescribing naloxone to actively injecting heroin users: a program to reduce heroin overdose deaths. J Addict Dis. 2006;25:89-96.
  16. Albert S, Brason FW, Sanford CK, et al. Project Lazarus: community-based overdose prevention in rural North Carolina. Pain Med. 2011;12(Suppl 2):S77-85.
  17. Strang J, Manning V, Mayet S, et al. Overdose training and take-home naloxone for opiate users: prospective cohort study of impact on knowledge and attitudes and subsequent management of overdoses. Addiction. 2008;103:1648-1657.
  18. Green TC, Grau LE, Heimer R. Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States. Addiction. 2008;103(6):979-989.
  19. Dwyer KH, Walley AY, Sorensen-Alawad A, et al. Opioid education and nasal naloxone rescue kit distribution in the emergency department. Abstract presented at ACEP Scientific Assembly 2013; Sept. 18, 2013; Seattle.
  20. Samuels E. Emergency department naloxone distribution: a Rhode Island Department of Health, recovery community, and emergency department partnership to reduce opioid overdose deaths. RI Med J. 2014;97(10):38-39.
  21. Harm Reduction Coalition. Guide to Developing and Managing Overdose Prevention and Take-Home Naloxone Projects. Harm Reduction Coalition: New York, 2012.
  22. Goodman D. Naloxone, a drug to stop heroin deaths, is more costly, the police say. New York Times. Nov. 30, 2014.
  23. Albern JD, Stauffer WM, Kesselheim AS. High-cost generic drugs—implications for patients and policymakers. N Engl J Med. 2014:371;1859-1862.
  24. Liss S. Hospitals and pharmacies grapple with rising drug prices. Kaiser Health News. Nov. 20, 2014.
  25. Coffin P, Sullivan S. Cost-effectiveness of distributing naloxone to heroin users for lay overdose reversal. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:1-9.
  26. Lightlake Therapeutics Inc. Files investigational new drug application for naloxone nasal spray for reversing opioid overdose and announces a further collaboration with the national institute on drug abuse. PR Newswire. Available at: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lightlake-therapeutics-inc-files-investigational-new-drug-application-for-naloxone-nasal-spray-for-reversing-opioid-overdose-and-announces-a-further-collaboration-with-the-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-268263272.html. Accessed Feb. 17, 2015.
  27. AntiOp. AntiOp partners with Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to develop nasally administered treatment for opioid overdose. Business Wire. Available at: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140521005142/en/AntiOp-Partners-Reckitt-Benckiser-Pharmaceuticals-Develop-Nasally#.VOOd-3ZUgpR. Accessed Feb. 17, 2015.
  28. Tavernise S. Treatment of overdose will cost cities less. New York Times. Jan. 26, 2015.
  29. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN): data, outcomes, and quality. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/emergency-department-data-dawn. Accessed March 12, 2015.
  30. Green TC, Grau LE, Carver HW, et al. Epidemiologic trends and geographic patterns of fatal opioid intoxications in Connecticut, USA: 1997–2007. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;115(3): 221-228.
  31. Botticelli M. The work before us: a message from Michael Botticelli. Office of National Drug Control Policy. Available at: http://m.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/02/09/call-americans-recovery-be-counted-be-seen-be-heard. Published Accessed Feb. 12, 2015.
  32. Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:85-92.
  33. Zedler B, Xie L, Wange L, et al. Risk factors for serious prescription opioid-related toxicity or overdose among Vetrans Health Administration patients. Pain Med. 2014;15(11):1911-1929.
  34. Seal KH, Shi Y, Cohen G, et al. Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. JAMA. 2012;307(9):940-947.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 | Single Page

Topics: ACEPAddictionAmerican College of Emergency PhysiciansCritical CareDrug OverdoseEmergency Medical ServicesEmergency MedicineEmergency PhysicianNaloxoneOpiatePublic Health

Related

  • Opinion: Physicians Must Reduce Plastic Waste

    December 4, 2025 - 0 Comment
  • Why the Nonrebreather Should be Abandoned

    December 3, 2025 - 0 Comment
  • Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Emergency Department

    October 1, 2025 - 0 Comment

Current Issue

ACEP Now: November 2025

Download PDF

Read More

2 Responses to “Opinion: Prehospital Naloxone Administration Is Safe”

  1. April 22, 2015

    Kerry Broderick Reply

    This is a wonderful piece. Full of helpful references for us ‘Naloxone Nerds’.

    We have a ‘Naloxone for Life’ program at Denver Health and it is an integrated program and includes; internal medicine, pharmacy, emergency medicine and behavioral health.

    Thanks for your information and encouragement
    Kerryann Broderick, BSN, MD

  2. May 12, 2015

    E. J. Read, Jr., MD, FACEP Reply

    According to the Package Insert, the naloxone contained in EVZIO was specifically developed for community environments (that have greater variation in temperatures) to sustain bioavailability.

Leave a Reply Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


*
*


Wiley
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy
  • Terms of Use
  • Advertise
  • Cookie Preferences
Copyright © 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies. ISSN 2333-2603