Dr. O’Neil is chief resident in the department of emergency medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

Dr. Nagdev is director of emergency ultrasound at Highland General Hospital, Alameda Health System in Oakland, California.

Dr. Teran is clinical instructor of emergency medicine in the division of emergency ultrasound and Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, at the University of Pennsylvania.

References

1. Teran F. Resuscitative cardiopulmonary ultrasound and transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2019;37(3):409-430.
2. Arntfield R, Pace J, Hewak M, et al. Focused transesophageal echocardiography by emergency physicians is feasible and clinically influential: observational results from a novel ultrasound program. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(2):286-294.
3. Teran F, Dean AJ, Centeno C, et al. Evaluation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency department. Resuscitation. 2019;137:140-147.
4. Fair J, Mallin M, Mallemat H, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography: guidelines for point-of-care applications in cardiac arrest resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(2):201-207.
5. Clattenburg EJ, Wroe P, Brown S, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound use in patients with cardiac arrest is associated prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation pauses: a prospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2018;122:65-68.
6. Catena E, Ottolina D, Fossali T, et al. Association between left ventricular outflow tract opening and successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2019;138:8-14.
7. Fair J 3rd, Mallin MP, Adler A, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with shorter compression pauses compared with transthoracic echocardiography. Ann Emerg Med. 2019;73(6):610-616.
8. Vignon P, Mentec H, Terré S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic impact of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. Chest. 1994;106(6):1829-1834.
9. Mayo PH, Narasimhan M, Koenig S. Critical Care Transesophageal Echocardiography. Chest. 2015;148(5):1323-1332.
10. Vieillard-Baron A, Chergui K, Rabiller A, et al. Superior vena caval collapsibility as a gauge of volume status in ventilated septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(9):1734-1739.
11. Fair J, Tonna J, Ockerse P, et al. Emergency physician-performed transesophageal echocardiography for extracorporeal life support vascular cannula placement. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(8):1637-1639. 
12. Lerner RP, Haaland A, Lin J. Temporary transvenous pacer placement under transesophageal echocardiogram guidance in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;S0735-6757(19)30834-4.
13. Hilberath JN, Oakes DA, Shernan SK, et al. Safety of transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23(11):1115-1221.
14. Daniel WG, Erbel R, Kasper W, et al. Safety of transesophageal echocardiography. A multicenter survey of 10,419 examinations. Circulation. 1991;83(3):817-821.
15. Kallmeyer IJ, Collard CD, Fox JA, et al. The safety of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: a case series of 7,200 cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(5):1126-1130.
16. Ramalingam G, Choi SW, Agarwal S, et al. Complications related to peri-operative transoesophageal echocardiography – a one-year prospective national audit by the Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(1):21-26.