The American College of Emergency Physicians designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

“Focus On… Critical Decisions: Submersion Incidents” is approved by the American College of Emergency Physicians for 1 ACEP Category I credit.

Disclaimer

ACEP makes every effort to ensure that contributors to College-sponsored programs are knowledgeable authorities in their fields. Participants are nevertheless advised that the statements and opinions expressed in this article are provided as guidelines and should not be construed as College policy. The material contained herein is not intended to establish policy, procedure, or a standard of care. The views expressed in this article are those of the contributors and not necessarily the opinion or recommendation of ACEP. The College disclaims any liability or responsibility for the consequences of any actions taken in reliance on those statements or opinions.[/fullbar]

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Swimming and recreational water safety. In: Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2005.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). 2008. Available at: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. Accessed March 23, 2008.
3. Newman AB, Stewart RD. Submersion incidents. In: Auerbach PD, ed. Wilderness Medicine: Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies. Chicago, IL: Mosby; 1995:1209-1233.
4. Falk JL, Escowitz HE. Submersion injuries in children and adults. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;23(1):47-55.
5. Robinson MD, Seward PN. Submersion injury in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1987;3:44-49.
6. Falk JL, Escowitz HE. Submersion injuries in children and adults. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;23:47–55.
7. Swanson ME, Tilelli JA, Causey AL. Predicting discharge in uncomplicated near-drowning. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(1):9-11.
8. Rafaat KT, Spear RM, Kuelbs C, et al. Cranial computed tomographic findings in a large group of children with drowning: diagnostic, prognostic, and forensic implications. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008;9:567-572.
9. Pratt FD, Haynes BE. Incidence of “secondary drowning” after saltwater submersion. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1084-1087.

CME Questionnaire Available Online

This educational activity is designed for emergency physicians and should take approximately one hour to complete. Participants will need an Internet connection through Firefox, Safari or Internet Explorer 6.0 or above to complete this Web-based activity. The CME test and the evaluation form are located at www.ACEP.org/focuson.

The participant should, in order, review the learning objectives, read the article, and complete the CME post-test/evaluation form to receive up to 1 ACEP Category I credit and 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.