Intermountain Medical Center, flagship hospital of the health system by the same name, sits nestled along the Wasatch Mountains in Utah. It is a bright, modern urban medical center, a tertiary teaching hospital, a transplant center, and a Level One Trauma Center. The emergency department sees 90,000 visits per year in its 75 beds. In short, it has the characteristics of an emergency department that should struggle with efficiency and performance.

Intake room. (Image courtesy of Adam Balls, MD, and Brian Oliver, MD.)

However, in 2015, it was already performing very well compared to emergency departments in its cohort. Overall median lengths of stay (LOS) were 207 minutes, door to provider (Door to Doc) times were consistently under 30 minutes, and the left without being seen (LWBS) rate was 2.4 percent. By comparison, according to the Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance, the median overall LOS for hospitals of this size is 227 minutes, Door to Doc is 32 minutes, and LWBS is 3.1 percent. Despite very strong operational metrics, the quality-minded doctors (Utah Emergency Physicians) led by the director and assistant director, Adam Balls, MD, and Brian Oliver, MD, were tasked with reengineering their ED flow. In preparation for the current changing health care imperatives, the hospital leadership wished to open up an observation unit within the emergency department. The only way this would be possible would be to put physicians in triage and move to a vertical flow model, no longer bedding every patient. This model has also been shown to deliver improvements in the efficiency of care delivered to lower-acuity patients.

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