References

1. House Bill 1 (H.R. 1). 119th Congress (2025–26). U.S. Congress.

   https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text [congress.gov]

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. QuickStats: percentage of emergency department visits with Medicaid as the primary expected source of payment among persons aged <65 years, by race and ethnicity—National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2011–2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7231a6
3. Hinton E, Diana A, Rudowitz R. A Closer Look at the Medicaid Work Requirement Provisions in the One Big Beautiful Bill. KFF. June 20, 2025. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/a-closer-look-at-the-medicaid-work-requirement-provisions-in-the-big-beautiful-bill/. Updated July 30, 2025: A Closer Look at the Work Requirement Provisions in the 2025 Federal Budget Reconciliation Law. KFF. Accessible at: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/a-closer-look-at-the-work-requirement-provisions-in-the-2025-federal-budget-reconciliation-law/.
4. American College of Emergency Physicians. Board Approves New Policy Statements on Gender Diversity, Interference in Patient/Physician Relationship, Liability and More. ACEP Now. Published August 12, 2022. Available at: https://www.acep.org/home-page-redirects/latest-news/board-approves-new-policy-statements-on-gender-diversity-interference-in-patientphysician-relationship-liability-and-more.
5. American College of Emergency Physicians. Emergency Medicine-Specific Provisions of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”. Available at: https://www.acep.org/siteassets/new-pdfs/advocacy/acep-summary-of-em-specific-obbba-provisions.pdf.
6. Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid work requirements. Accessed April 26, 2026. https://dhhs.ne.gov/Pages/WorkRequirements.aspx
7. Tolbert J, Cervantes S, Rudowitz R, and Burns A. Understanding the Intersection of Medicaid and Work: An Update. KFF. Published May 30, 2025. Available at https://www.kff.org/medicaid/understanding-the-intersection-of-medicaid-and-work-an-update/.
8. Medicaid.Gov. Arkansas Works. Accessible at: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demo/demonstration-and-waiver-list/81021
9. Gangopadhyaya A, and Karpman M. The Impact of Arkansas Medicaid Work Requirements on Coverage and Employment: Estimating Effects Using National Survey Data. Health Serv Res. 2025; e14624. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14624.
10. Georgia Pathways to Coverage. Accessible at: https://pathways.georgia.gov/.
11. Georgia Department of Community Health. GeorgiaPathways.org. Accessible at: https://www.georgiapathways.org/data-tracker
12. Coker M. Georgia Touts Its Medicaid Experiment as a Success. The Numbers Tell a Different Story. ProPublica and The Current. Published February 19, 2025. Accessible at: https://www.propublica.org/article/georgia-medicaid-work-requirement-pathways-to-coverage-hurdles.
13. Chan L. Georgia’s Pathways to Coverage Program: The First Year in Review. The Georgia Budget & Policy Institute. Published October 29, 2024. Accessible at: https://gbpi.org/georgias-pathways-to-coverage-program-the-first-year-in-review/
14. Rudowitz R, Priya Chidambaram, Jennifer Tolbert, et al. Who Is Covered by Medicaid? – Medicaid 101. KFF. October 8, 2025. Accessed April 22, 2026. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/health-policy-101-medicaid/?entry=table-of-contents-who-is-covered-by-medicaid
15. Cervantes S, Clea Bell, Jennifer Tolbert, Anthony Damico. How Many Uninsured Are in the Coverage Gap and How Many Could be Eligible if All States Adopted the Medicaid Expansion? KFF. February 25, 2025. Accessed April 22, 2026. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/how-many-uninsured-are-in-the-coverage-gap-and-how-many-could-be-eligible-if-all-states-adopted-the-medicaid-expansion/
16. Congressional Budget Office. Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Published June 4, 2025. Available at https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61461.